diff --git a/HepLean/GroupTheory/SO3/Basic.lean b/HepLean/GroupTheory/SO3/Basic.lean
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0330885
--- /dev/null
+++ b/HepLean/GroupTheory/SO3/Basic.lean
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+/-
+Copyright (c) 2024 Joseph Tooby-Smith. All rights reserved.
+Released under Apache 2.0 license.
+Authors: Joseph Tooby-Smith
+-/
+import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.UnitaryGroup
+import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.Matrix.GeneralLinearGroup
+import Mathlib.Data.Complex.Exponential
+import Mathlib.Geometry.Manifold.VectorBundle.Basic
+/-!
+# the 3d special orthogonal group
+
+
+
+-/
+
+namespace GroupTheory
+open Matrix
+
+def SO3 : Type := {A : Matrix (Fin 3) (Fin 3) ℝ // A.det = 1 ∧ A * Aᵀ = 1}
+
+instance SO3Group : Group SO3 where
+  mul A B := ⟨A.1 * B.1,
+    by
+      simp only [det_mul, A.2.1, B.2.1, mul_one],
+    by
+      simp [A.2.2, B.2.2, ← Matrix.mul_assoc, Matrix.mul_assoc]⟩
+  mul_assoc A B C := by
+    apply Subtype.eq
+    exact Matrix.mul_assoc A.1 B.1 C.1
+  one := ⟨1, by simp, by simp⟩
+  one_mul A := by
+    apply Subtype.eq
+    exact Matrix.one_mul A.1
+  mul_one A := by
+    apply Subtype.eq
+    exact Matrix.mul_one A.1
+  inv A := ⟨A.1ᵀ, by simp [A.2], by simp [mul_eq_one_comm.mpr A.2.2]⟩
+  mul_left_inv A := by
+    apply Subtype.eq
+    exact mul_eq_one_comm.mpr A.2.2
+
+scoped[GroupTheory] notation (name := SO3_notation) "SO(3)" => SO3
+
+/-- SO3 has the subtype topology. -/
+instance : TopologicalSpace SO3 := instTopologicalSpaceSubtype
+
+
+namespace SO3
+
+@[simp]
+lemma coe_inv (A : SO3) : (A⁻¹).1 = A.1⁻¹:= by
+  refine (inv_eq_left_inv ?h).symm
+  exact mul_eq_one_comm.mpr A.2.2
+
+@[simps!]
+def toGL : SO3 →* GL (Fin 3) ℝ where
+  toFun A := ⟨A.1, (A⁻¹).1, A.2.2, mul_eq_one_comm.mpr A.2.2⟩
+  map_one' := by
+    simp
+    rfl
+  map_mul' x y  := by
+    simp
+    ext
+    rfl
+
+lemma subtype_val_eq_toGL : (Subtype.val : SO3 → Matrix (Fin 3) (Fin 3) ℝ) =
+    Units.val ∘ toGL.toFun := by
+  ext A
+  rfl
+
+lemma toGL_injective : Function.Injective toGL := by
+  intro A B h
+  apply Subtype.eq
+  rw [@Units.ext_iff] at h
+  simpa using h
+
+example : TopologicalSpace (GL (Fin 3) ℝ) := by
+  exact Units.instTopologicalSpaceUnits
+
+@[simps!]
+def toProd : SO(3) →* (Matrix (Fin 3) (Fin 3) ℝ) × (Matrix (Fin 3) (Fin 3) ℝ)ᵐᵒᵖ :=
+  MonoidHom.comp (Units.embedProduct _) toGL
+
+lemma toProd_eq_transpose  : toProd A = (A.1, ⟨A.1ᵀ⟩) := by
+  simp only [toProd, Units.embedProduct, coe_units_inv, MulOpposite.op_inv, toGL, coe_inv,
+    MonoidHom.coe_comp, MonoidHom.coe_mk, OneHom.coe_mk, Function.comp_apply, Prod.mk.injEq,
+    true_and]
+  refine MulOpposite.unop_inj.mp ?_
+  simp only [MulOpposite.unop_inv, MulOpposite.unop_op]
+  rw [← coe_inv]
+  rfl
+
+lemma toProd_injective : Function.Injective toProd := by
+  intro A B h
+  rw [toProd_eq_transpose, toProd_eq_transpose] at h
+  rw [@Prod.mk.inj_iff] at h
+  apply Subtype.eq
+  exact h.1
+
+lemma toProd_continuous : Continuous toProd := by
+  change Continuous (fun A => (A.1, ⟨A.1ᵀ⟩))
+  refine continuous_prod_mk.mpr (And.intro ?_ ?_)
+  exact continuous_iff_le_induced.mpr fun U a => a
+  refine Continuous.comp' ?_ ?_
+  exact MulOpposite.continuous_op
+  refine Continuous.matrix_transpose ?_
+  exact continuous_iff_le_induced.mpr fun U a => a
+
+
+def embeddingProd : Embedding toProd where
+  inj := toProd_injective
+  induced := by
+    refine (inducing_iff ⇑toProd).mp ?_
+    refine inducing_of_inducing_compose toProd_continuous continuous_fst ?hgf
+    exact (inducing_iff (Prod.fst ∘ ⇑toProd)).mpr rfl
+
+
+def embeddingGL : Embedding toGL.toFun where
+  inj := toGL_injective
+  induced := by
+    refine ((fun {X} {t t'} => TopologicalSpace.ext_iff.mpr) ?_).symm
+    intro s
+    rw [TopologicalSpace.ext_iff.mp embeddingProd.induced s ]
+    rw [isOpen_induced_iff, isOpen_induced_iff]
+    apply Iff.intro ?_ ?_
+    · intro h
+      obtain ⟨U, hU1, hU2⟩ := h
+      rw [isOpen_induced_iff] at hU1
+      obtain ⟨V, hV1, hV2⟩ := hU1
+      use V
+      simp [hV1]
+      rw [← hU2, ← hV2]
+      rfl
+    · intro h
+      obtain ⟨U, hU1, hU2⟩ := h
+      let t := (Units.embedProduct _) ⁻¹' U
+      use t
+      apply And.intro (isOpen_induced hU1)
+      exact hU2
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+end SO3
+
+
+end GroupTheory
diff --git a/HepLean/SpaceTime/LorentzGroup/Boosts.lean b/HepLean/SpaceTime/LorentzGroup/Boosts.lean
index d455baa..96071e8 100644
--- a/HepLean/SpaceTime/LorentzGroup/Boosts.lean
+++ b/HepLean/SpaceTime/LorentzGroup/Boosts.lean
@@ -163,6 +163,12 @@ lemma toLorentz_joined_to_1 (u v : FourVelocity) : Joined 1 (toLorentz u v) := b
     simp [PreservesηLin.liftGL, toMatrix, self u]
   · simp
 
+lemma toLorentz_in_connected_component_1 (u v : FourVelocity) :
+    toLorentz u v ∈ connectedComponent 1 :=
+  pathComponent_subset_component _ (toLorentz_joined_to_1 u v)
+
+lemma isProper (u v : FourVelocity) : IsProper (toLorentz u v) :=
+  (isProper_on_connected_component (toLorentz_in_connected_component_1 u v)).mp id_IsProper
 
 end genBoost
 
diff --git a/HepLean/SpaceTime/LorentzGroup/Proper.lean b/HepLean/SpaceTime/LorentzGroup/Proper.lean
index 0416fcc..cb55d6c 100644
--- a/HepLean/SpaceTime/LorentzGroup/Proper.lean
+++ b/HepLean/SpaceTime/LorentzGroup/Proper.lean
@@ -100,6 +100,11 @@ lemma det_on_connected_component {Λ Λ'  : lorentzGroup} (h : Λ' ∈ connected
     (@IsPreconnected.subsingleton ℤ₂ _ _ _ (isPreconnected_range f.2))
     (Set.mem_range_self ⟨Λ, hs.2⟩)  (Set.mem_range_self ⟨Λ', hΛ'⟩)
 
+lemma detRep_on_connected_component {Λ Λ'  : lorentzGroup} (h : Λ' ∈ connectedComponent Λ) :
+    detRep Λ = detRep Λ' := by
+  simp [detRep_apply, detRep_apply, detContinuous]
+  rw [det_on_connected_component h]
+
 lemma det_of_joined {Λ Λ' : lorentzGroup} (h : Joined Λ Λ') : Λ.1.1.det = Λ'.1.1.det :=
   det_on_connected_component $ pathComponent_subset_component _ h
 
@@ -116,6 +121,13 @@ lemma IsProper_iff (Λ : lorentzGroup) : IsProper Λ ↔ detRep Λ = 1 := by
   rw [detRep_apply, detRep_apply, detContinuous_eq_iff_det_eq]
   simp only [IsProper, OneMemClass.coe_one, Units.val_one, det_one]
 
+lemma id_IsProper : IsProper 1 := by
+  simp [IsProper]
+
+lemma isProper_on_connected_component {Λ Λ'  : lorentzGroup} (h : Λ' ∈ connectedComponent Λ) :
+    IsProper Λ ↔ IsProper Λ' := by
+  simp [detRep_apply, detRep_apply, detContinuous]
+  rw [det_on_connected_component h]
 
 end lorentzGroup
 
diff --git a/HepLean/StandardModel/Basic.lean b/HepLean/StandardModel/Basic.lean
index 9533e2e..ba30fec 100644
--- a/HepLean/StandardModel/Basic.lean
+++ b/HepLean/StandardModel/Basic.lean
@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ open Matrix
 open Complex
 open ComplexConjugate
 
-
 /-- The global gauge group of the standard model. TODO: Generalize to quotient. -/
 abbrev gaugeGroup : Type :=
   specialUnitaryGroup (Fin 3) ℂ × specialUnitaryGroup (Fin 2) ℂ × unitary ℂ