refactor: LorentzTensors
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@ -3,85 +3,172 @@ Copyright (c) 2024 Joseph Tooby-Smith. All rights reserved.
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Released under Apache 2.0 license.
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Authors: Joseph Tooby-Smith
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-/
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import HepLean.SpaceTime.LorentzTensor.GraphicalSpecies
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import HepLean.SpaceTime.LorentzVector.Basic
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import Mathlib.CategoryTheory.Limits.FintypeCat
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import LeanCopilot
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/-!
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# Lorentz Tensors
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This file is currently a work-in-progress.
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In this file we define real Lorentz tensors.
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The aim is to define Lorentz tensors, and devlop a systematic way to manipulate them.
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We implicitly follow the definition of a modular operad.
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This will relation should be made explicit in the future.
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To manipulate them we will use the theory of modular operads
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(see e.g. [Raynor][raynor2021graphical]).
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## References
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-- For modular operads see: [Raynor][raynor2021graphical]
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-/
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/-! TODO: Do complex tensors, with Van der Waerden notation for fermions. -/
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/-!
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## Real Lorentz tensors
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-/
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/-- An index of a real Lorentz tensor is up or down. -/
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inductive RealLorentzTensor.Colors where
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| up : RealLorentzTensor.Colors
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| down : RealLorentzTensor.Colors
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def RealLorentzTensor.ColorsIndex (d : ℕ) (μ : RealLorentzTensor.Colors) : Type :=
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match μ with
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| RealLorentzTensor.Colors.up => Fin 1 ⊕ Fin d
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| RealLorentzTensor.Colors.down => Fin 1 ⊕ Fin d
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/-- A Lorentz Tensor defined by its coordinate map. -/
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def LorentzTensor (d : ℕ) (X : FintypeCat) : Type :=
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(X → Fin 1 ⊕ Fin d) → ℝ
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structure RealLorentzTensor (d : ℕ) (X : FintypeCat) where
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color : X → RealLorentzTensor.Colors
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coord : ((x : X) → RealLorentzTensor.ColorsIndex d (color x)) → ℝ
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/-- An instance of a additive commutative monoid on `LorentzTensor`. -/
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instance (d : ℕ) (X : FintypeCat) : AddCommMonoid (LorentzTensor d X) := Pi.addCommMonoid
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/-- An instance of a module on `LorentzVector`. -/
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noncomputable instance (d : ℕ) (X : FintypeCat) : Module ℝ (LorentzTensor d X) := Pi.module _ _ _
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namespace LorentzTensor
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namespace RealLorentzTensor
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open BigOperators
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open elGr
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open CategoryTheory
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universe u1
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variable {d : ℕ} {X Y Z : FintypeCat.{u1}}
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variable {d : ℕ} {X Y : FintypeCat}
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/-- An `IndexType` for a tensor is an element of
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`(x : X) → RealLorentzTensor.ColorsIndex d (T.color x)`. -/
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@[simp]
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def IndexType (T : RealLorentzTensor d X) : Type u1 :=
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(x : X) → RealLorentzTensor.ColorsIndex d (T.color x)
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/-- The map taking a list of `LorentzVector d` indexed by `X` to a ` LorentzTensor d X`. -/
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def tmul (t : X → LorentzVector d) : LorentzTensor d X :=
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fun f => ∏ x, (t x) (f x)
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lemma indexType_eq {T₁ T₂ : RealLorentzTensor d X} (h : T₁.color = T₂.color) :
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T₁.IndexType = T₂.IndexType := by
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simp only [IndexType]
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rw [h]
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lemma ext {T₁ T₂ : RealLorentzTensor d X} (h : T₁.color = T₂.color)
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(h' : T₁.coord = T₂.coord ∘ Equiv.cast (indexType_eq h)) : T₁ = T₂ := by
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cases T₁
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cases T₂
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simp_all only [IndexType, mk.injEq]
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apply And.intro h
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simp only at h
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subst h
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simp only [Equiv.cast_refl, Equiv.coe_refl, CompTriple.comp_eq] at h'
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subst h'
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rfl
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/-- The involution acting on colors. -/
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def τ : Colors → Colors
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| Colors.up => Colors.down
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| Colors.down => Colors.up
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/-- The map τ is an involution. -/
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lemma τ_involutive : Function.Involutive τ := by
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intro x
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cases x <;> rfl
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/-- The color associated with an element of `x ∈ X` for a tensor `T`. -/
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def ch {X : FintypeCat} (x : X) (T : RealLorentzTensor d X) : Colors := T.color x
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/-!
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## Congruence
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-/
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/- An equivalence between `X → Fin 1 ⊕ Fin d` and `Y → Fin 1 ⊕ Fin d` given an isomorphism
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between `X` and `Y`. -/
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def indexEquivOfIndexHom (f : X ≅ Y) : (X → Fin 1 ⊕ Fin d) ≃ (Y → Fin 1 ⊕ Fin d) :=
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Equiv.piCongrLeft' _ (FintypeCat.equivEquivIso.symm f)
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@[simps!]
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def congrSetIndexType (d : ℕ) (f : X ≃ Y) (i : X → Colors) :
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((x : X) → ColorsIndex d (i x)) ≃ ((y : Y) → ColorsIndex d ((Equiv.piCongrLeft' _ f) i y)) :=
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Equiv.piCongrLeft' _ (f)
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/-- Given an isomorphism of indexing sets, a linear equivalence on Lorentz tensors. -/
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noncomputable def mapOfIndexHom (f : X ≅ Y) : LorentzTensor d Y ≃ₗ[ℝ] LorentzTensor d X :=
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LinearEquiv.piCongrLeft' ℝ _ (indexEquivOfIndexHom f).symm
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/-- Given an equivalence of indexing sets, a map on Lorentz tensors. -/
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@[simps!]
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def congrSetMap (f : X ≃ Y) (T : RealLorentzTensor d X) : RealLorentzTensor d Y where
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color := (Equiv.piCongrLeft' _ f) T.color
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coord := (Equiv.piCongrLeft' _ (congrSetIndexType d f T.color)) T.coord
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lemma congrSetMap_trans (f : X ≃ Y) (g : Y ≃ Z) (T : RealLorentzTensor d X) :
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congrSetMap g (congrSetMap f T) = congrSetMap (f.trans g) T := by
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apply ext (by rfl)
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have h1 : (congrSetIndexType d (f.trans g) T.color) = (congrSetIndexType d f T.color).trans
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(congrSetIndexType d g ((Equiv.piCongrLeft' (fun _ => Colors) f) T.color)) := by
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simp only [Equiv.piCongrLeft'_apply, Equiv.symm_trans_apply, congrSetIndexType]
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exact Equiv.coe_inj.mp rfl
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simp only [congrSetMap, Equiv.piCongrLeft'_apply, IndexType, Equiv.symm_trans_apply, h1,
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Equiv.cast_refl, Equiv.coe_refl, CompTriple.comp_eq]
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rfl
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/-- An equivalence of Tensors given an equivalence of underlying sets. -/
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@[simps!]
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def congrSet (f : X ≃ Y) : RealLorentzTensor d X ≃ RealLorentzTensor d Y where
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toFun := congrSetMap f
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invFun := congrSetMap f.symm
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left_inv T := by
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rw [congrSetMap_trans, Equiv.self_trans_symm]
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rfl
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right_inv T := by
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rw [congrSetMap_trans, Equiv.symm_trans_self]
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rfl
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lemma congrSet_trans (f : X ≃ Y) (g : Y ≃ Z) :
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(@congrSet d _ _ f).trans (congrSet g) = congrSet (f.trans g) := by
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refine Equiv.coe_inj.mp ?_
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funext T
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exact congrSetMap_trans f g T
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lemma congrSet_refl : @congrSet d _ _ (Equiv.refl X) = Equiv.refl _ := by
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rfl
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/-!
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## Multiplication
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-/
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/-! TODO: Following the ethos of modular operads, define multiplication of Lorentz tensors. -/
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/-!
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## Contraction of indices
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-/
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/-! TODO: Following the ethos of modular operads, define contraction of Lorentz tensors. -/
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/-!
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## Rising and lowering indices
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Rising or lowering an index corresponds to changing the color of that index.
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-/
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/-! TODO: Define the rising and lowering of indices using contraction with the metric. -/
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/-!
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## Graphical species and Lorentz tensors
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-/
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/-- The graphical species defined by Lorentz tensors.
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For this simple case, 𝓣 gets mapped to `PUnit`, if one wishes to include fermions etc,
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then `PUnit` will change to account for the colouring of edges. -/
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noncomputable def graphicalSpecies (d : ℕ) : GraphicalSpecies where
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obj x :=
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match x with
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| ⟨𝓣⟩ => PUnit
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| ⟨as f⟩ => LorentzTensor d f
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map {x y} f :=
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match x, y, f with
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| ⟨𝓣⟩, ⟨𝓣⟩, _ => 𝟙 PUnit
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| ⟨𝓣⟩, ⟨as x⟩, ⟨f⟩ => Empty.elim f
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| ⟨as f⟩, ⟨𝓣⟩, _ => fun _ => PUnit.unit
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| ⟨as f⟩, ⟨as g⟩, ⟨h⟩ => (mapOfIndexHom h).toEquiv.toFun
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map_id X := by
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match X with
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| ⟨𝓣⟩ => rfl
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| ⟨as f⟩ => rfl
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map_comp {x y z} f g := by
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match x, y, z, f, g with
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| ⟨𝓣⟩, ⟨𝓣⟩, ⟨𝓣⟩, _, _ => rfl
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| _, ⟨𝓣⟩, ⟨as _⟩, _, ⟨g⟩ => exact Empty.elim g
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| ⟨𝓣⟩, ⟨as _⟩, _, ⟨f⟩, _ => exact Empty.elim f
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| ⟨as x⟩, ⟨as y⟩, ⟨as z⟩, ⟨f⟩, ⟨g⟩ => rfl
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| ⟨as x⟩, ⟨𝓣⟩, ⟨𝓣⟩, _, _ => rfl
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| ⟨as x⟩, ⟨as y⟩, ⟨𝓣⟩, _, _ => rfl
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/-! TODO: From Lorentz tensors graphical species. -/
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/-! TODO: Show that the action of the Lorentz group defines an action on the graphical species. -/
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end LorentzTensor
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end RealLorentzTensor
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