refactor: Lorentz Group etc.
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jstoobysmith
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15 changed files with 488 additions and 891 deletions
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@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ Released under Apache 2.0 license.
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Authors: Joseph Tooby-Smith
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-/
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import HepLean.SpaceTime.Basic
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import HepLean.SpaceTime.Metric
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import HepLean.SpaceTime.MinkowskiMetric
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import Mathlib.Algebra.Lie.Classical
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/-!
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# The Lorentz Algebra
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import Mathlib.Algebra.Lie.Classical
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We define
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- Define `lorentzAlgebra` via `LieAlgebra.Orthogonal.so'` as a subalgebra of
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`Matrix (Fin 4) (Fin 4) ℝ`.
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`Matrix (Fin 1 ⊕ Fin 3) (Fin 1 ⊕ Fin 3) ℝ`.
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- In `mem_iff` prove that a matrix is in the Lorentz algebra if and only if it satisfies the
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condition `Aᵀ * η = - η * A`.
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@ -23,80 +23,71 @@ namespace SpaceTime
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open Matrix
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open TensorProduct
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/-- The Lorentz algebra as a subalgebra of `Matrix (Fin 4) (Fin 4) ℝ`. -/
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def lorentzAlgebra : LieSubalgebra ℝ (Matrix (Fin 4) (Fin 4) ℝ) :=
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LieSubalgebra.map (Matrix.reindexLieEquiv (@finSumFinEquiv 1 3)).toLieHom
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/-- The Lorentz algebra as a subalgebra of `Matrix (Fin 1 ⊕ Fin 3) (Fin 1 ⊕ Fin 3) ℝ`. -/
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def lorentzAlgebra : LieSubalgebra ℝ (Matrix (Fin 1 ⊕ Fin 3) (Fin 1 ⊕ Fin 3) ℝ) :=
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(LieAlgebra.Orthogonal.so' (Fin 1) (Fin 3) ℝ)
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namespace lorentzAlgebra
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open minkowskiMatrix
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lemma transpose_eta (A : lorentzAlgebra) : A.1ᵀ * η = - η * A.1 := by
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obtain ⟨B, hB1, hB2⟩ := A.2
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apply (Equiv.apply_eq_iff_eq
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(Matrix.reindexAlgEquiv ℝ (@finSumFinEquiv 1 3).symm).toEquiv).mp
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simp only [Nat.reduceAdd, AlgEquiv.toEquiv_eq_coe, EquivLike.coe_coe, _root_.map_mul,
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reindexAlgEquiv_apply, ← transpose_reindex, map_neg]
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rw [(Equiv.apply_eq_iff_eq_symm_apply (reindex finSumFinEquiv.symm finSumFinEquiv.symm)).mpr
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hB2.symm]
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erw [η_reindex]
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simpa [LieAlgebra.Orthogonal.so', IsSkewAdjoint, IsAdjointPair] using hB1
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have h1 := A.2
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erw [mem_skewAdjointMatricesLieSubalgebra] at h1
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simpa [LieAlgebra.Orthogonal.so', IsSkewAdjoint, IsAdjointPair] using h1
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lemma mem_of_transpose_eta_eq_eta_mul_self {A : Matrix (Fin 4) (Fin 4) ℝ}
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lemma mem_of_transpose_eta_eq_eta_mul_self {A : Matrix (Fin 1 ⊕ Fin 3) (Fin 1 ⊕ Fin 3) ℝ}
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(h : Aᵀ * η = - η * A) : A ∈ lorentzAlgebra := by
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simp only [lorentzAlgebra, Nat.reduceAdd, LieSubalgebra.mem_map]
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use (Matrix.reindexLieEquiv (@finSumFinEquiv 1 3)).symm A
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apply And.intro
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· have h1 := (Equiv.apply_eq_iff_eq
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(Matrix.reindexAlgEquiv ℝ (@finSumFinEquiv 1 3).symm).toEquiv).mpr h
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erw [Matrix.reindexAlgEquiv_mul] at h1
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simp only [Nat.reduceAdd, reindexAlgEquiv_apply, Equiv.symm_symm, AlgEquiv.toEquiv_eq_coe,
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EquivLike.coe_coe, map_neg, _root_.map_mul] at h1
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erw [η_reindex] at h1
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simpa [Nat.reduceAdd, reindexLieEquiv_symm, reindexLieEquiv_apply,
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LieAlgebra.Orthogonal.so', mem_skewAdjointMatricesLieSubalgebra,
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mem_skewAdjointMatricesSubmodule, IsSkewAdjoint, IsAdjointPair, mul_neg] using h1
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· exact LieEquiv.apply_symm_apply (reindexLieEquiv finSumFinEquiv) _
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erw [mem_skewAdjointMatricesLieSubalgebra]
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simpa [LieAlgebra.Orthogonal.so', IsSkewAdjoint, IsAdjointPair] using h
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lemma mem_iff {A : Matrix (Fin 4) (Fin 4) ℝ} : A ∈ lorentzAlgebra ↔ Aᵀ * η = - η * A :=
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lemma mem_iff {A : Matrix (Fin 1 ⊕ Fin 3) (Fin 1 ⊕ Fin 3) ℝ} :
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A ∈ lorentzAlgebra ↔ Aᵀ * η = - η * A :=
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Iff.intro (fun h => transpose_eta ⟨A, h⟩) (fun h => mem_of_transpose_eta_eq_eta_mul_self h)
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lemma mem_iff' (A : Matrix (Fin 4) (Fin 4) ℝ) : A ∈ lorentzAlgebra ↔ A = - η * Aᵀ * η := by
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apply Iff.intro
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intro h
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simp_rw [mul_assoc, mem_iff.mp h, neg_mul, mul_neg, ← mul_assoc, η_sq, one_mul, neg_neg]
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intro h
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lemma mem_iff' (A : Matrix (Fin 1 ⊕ Fin 3) (Fin 1 ⊕ Fin 3) ℝ) :
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A ∈ lorentzAlgebra ↔ A = - η * Aᵀ * η := by
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rw [mem_iff]
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nth_rewrite 2 [h]
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simp [← mul_assoc, η_sq]
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refine Iff.intro (fun h => ?_) (fun h => ?_)
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· trans -η * (Aᵀ * η)
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rw [h]
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trans (η * η) * A
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rw [minkowskiMatrix.sq]
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all_goals noncomm_ring
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· nth_rewrite 2 [h]
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trans (η * η) * Aᵀ * η
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rw [minkowskiMatrix.sq]
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all_goals noncomm_ring
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lemma diag_comp (Λ : lorentzAlgebra) (μ : Fin 4) : Λ.1 μ μ = 0 := by
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lemma diag_comp (Λ : lorentzAlgebra) (μ : Fin 1 ⊕ Fin 3) : Λ.1 μ μ = 0 := by
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have h := congrArg (fun M ↦ M μ μ) $ mem_iff.mp Λ.2
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simp at h
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fin_cases μ <;>
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rw [η_mul, mul_η, η_explicit] at h
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<;> simpa using h
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simp only [minkowskiMatrix, LieAlgebra.Orthogonal.indefiniteDiagonal, mul_diagonal,
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transpose_apply, diagonal_neg, diagonal_mul, neg_mul] at h
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rcases μ with μ | μ
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simpa using h
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simpa using h
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lemma time_comps (Λ : lorentzAlgebra) (i : Fin 3) :
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Λ.1 (Sum.inr i) (Sum.inl 0) = Λ.1 (Sum.inl 0) (Sum.inr i) := by
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simpa only [Fin.isValue, minkowskiMatrix, LieAlgebra.Orthogonal.indefiniteDiagonal, mul_diagonal,
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transpose_apply, Sum.elim_inr, mul_neg, mul_one, diagonal_neg, diagonal_mul, Sum.elim_inl,
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neg_mul, one_mul, neg_inj] using congrArg (fun M ↦ M (Sum.inl 0) (Sum.inr i)) $ mem_iff.mp Λ.2
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lemma time_comps (Λ : lorentzAlgebra) (i : Fin 3) : Λ.1 i.succ 0 = Λ.1 0 i.succ := by
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have h := congrArg (fun M ↦ M 0 i.succ) $ mem_iff.mp Λ.2
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simp at h
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fin_cases i <;>
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rw [η_mul, mul_η, η_explicit] at h <;>
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simpa using h
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lemma space_comps (Λ : lorentzAlgebra) (i j : Fin 3) :
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Λ.1 i.succ j.succ = - Λ.1 j.succ i.succ := by
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have h := congrArg (fun M ↦ M i.succ j.succ) $ mem_iff.mp Λ.2
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simp at h
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fin_cases i <;> fin_cases j <;>
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rw [η_mul, mul_η, η_explicit] at h <;>
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simpa using h.symm
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Λ.1 (Sum.inr i) (Sum.inr j) = - Λ.1 (Sum.inr j) (Sum.inr i) := by
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simpa only [minkowskiMatrix, LieAlgebra.Orthogonal.indefiniteDiagonal, diagonal_neg, diagonal_mul,
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Sum.elim_inr, neg_neg, one_mul, mul_diagonal, transpose_apply, mul_neg, mul_one] using
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(congrArg (fun M ↦ M (Sum.inr i) (Sum.inr j)) $ mem_iff.mp Λ.2).symm
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end lorentzAlgebra
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@[simps!]
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instance spaceTimeAsLieRingModule : LieRingModule lorentzAlgebra SpaceTime where
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instance lorentzVectorAsLieRingModule : LieRingModule lorentzAlgebra (LorentzVector 3) where
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bracket Λ x := Λ.1.mulVec x
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add_lie Λ1 Λ2 x := by
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simp [add_mulVec]
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@ -107,7 +98,7 @@ instance spaceTimeAsLieRingModule : LieRingModule lorentzAlgebra SpaceTime where
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simp [mulVec_add, Bracket.bracket, sub_mulVec]
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@[simps!]
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instance spaceTimeAsLieModule : LieModule ℝ lorentzAlgebra SpaceTime where
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instance spaceTimeAsLieModule : LieModule ℝ lorentzAlgebra (LorentzVector 3) where
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smul_lie r Λ x := by
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simp [Bracket.bracket, smul_mulVec_assoc]
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lie_smul r Λ x := by
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@ -7,142 +7,11 @@ import HepLean.SpaceTime.LorentzAlgebra.Basic
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/-!
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# Basis of the Lorentz Algebra
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We define the standard basis of the Lorentz group.
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This file is currently a stub.
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Old commits contained code here, however this has not being ported forward.
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This file is waiting for Lorentz Tensors to be done formally, before
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it can be completed.
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-/
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namespace SpaceTime
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namespace lorentzAlgebra
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open Matrix
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/-- The matrices which form the basis of the Lorentz algebra. -/
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@[simp]
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def σMat (μ ν : Fin 4) : Matrix (Fin 4) (Fin 4) ℝ := fun ρ δ ↦
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η_[μ]_[δ] * η^[ρ]_[ν] - η^[ρ]_[μ] * η_[ν]_[δ]
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lemma σMat_in_lorentzAlgebra (μ ν : Fin 4) : σMat μ ν ∈ lorentzAlgebra := by
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rw [mem_iff]
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funext ρ δ
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rw [Matrix.neg_mul, Matrix.neg_apply, η_mul, mul_η, transpose_apply]
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apply Eq.trans ?_ (by ring :
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((η^[ρ]_[μ] * η_[ρ]_[ρ]) * η_[ν]_[δ] - η_[μ]_[δ] * (η^[ρ]_[ν] * η_[ρ]_[ρ])) =
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-(η_[ρ]_[ρ] * (η_[μ]_[δ] * η^[ρ]_[ν] - η^[ρ]_[μ] * η_[ν]_[δ] )))
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apply Eq.trans (by ring : (η_[μ]_[ρ] * η^[δ]_[ν] - η^[δ]_[μ] * η_[ν]_[ρ]) * η_[δ]_[δ]
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= (- (η^[δ]_[μ] * η_[δ]_[δ]) * η_[ν]_[ρ] + η_[μ]_[ρ] * (η^[δ]_[ν] * η_[δ]_[δ])))
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rw [η_mul_self, η_mul_self, η_mul_self, η_mul_self]
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ring
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/-- Elements of the Lorentz algebra which form a basis thereof. -/
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@[simps!]
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def σ (μ ν : Fin 4) : lorentzAlgebra := ⟨σMat μ ν, σMat_in_lorentzAlgebra μ ν⟩
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lemma σ_anti_symm (μ ν : Fin 4) : σ μ ν = - σ ν μ := by
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refine SetCoe.ext ?_
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funext ρ δ
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simp only [σ_coe, σMat, NegMemClass.coe_neg, neg_apply, neg_sub]
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ring
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lemma σMat_mul (α β γ δ a b: Fin 4) :
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(σMat α β * σMat γ δ) a b =
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η^[a]_[α] * (η_[δ]_[b] * η_[β]_[γ] - η_[γ]_[b] * η_[β]_[δ])
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- η^[a]_[β] * (η_[δ]_[b] * η_[α]_[γ]- η_[γ]_[b] * η_[α]_[δ]) := by
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rw [Matrix.mul_apply]
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simp only [σMat]
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trans (η^[a]_[α] * η_[δ]_[b]) * ∑ x, η^[x]_[γ] * η_[β]_[x]
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- (η^[a]_[α] * η_[γ]_[b]) * ∑ x, η^[x]_[δ] * η_[β]_[x]
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- (η^[a]_[β] * η_[δ]_[b]) * ∑ x, η^[x]_[γ] * η_[α]_[x]
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+ (η^[a]_[β] * η_[γ]_[b]) * ∑ x, η^[x]_[δ] * η_[α]_[x]
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repeat rw [Fin.sum_univ_four]
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ring
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rw [η_contract_self', η_contract_self', η_contract_self', η_contract_self']
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ring
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lemma σ_comm (α β γ δ : Fin 4) :
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⁅σ α β , σ γ δ⁆ =
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η_[α]_[δ] • σ γ β + η_[α]_[γ] • σ β δ + η_[β]_[δ] • σ α γ + η_[β]_[γ] • σ δ α := by
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refine SetCoe.ext ?_
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change σMat α β * σ γ δ - σ γ δ * σ α β = _
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funext a b
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simp only [σ_coe, sub_apply, AddSubmonoid.coe_add, Submodule.coe_toAddSubmonoid,
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Submodule.coe_smul_of_tower, Matrix.add_apply, Matrix.smul_apply, σMat, smul_eq_mul]
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rw [σMat_mul, σMat_mul, η_symmetric α γ, η_symmetric α δ, η_symmetric β γ, η_symmetric β δ]
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ring
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lemma eq_span_σ (Λ : lorentzAlgebra) :
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Λ = Λ.1 0 1 • σ 0 1 + Λ.1 0 2 • σ 0 2 + Λ.1 0 3 • σ 0 3 +
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Λ.1 1 2 • σ 1 2 + Λ.1 1 3 • σ 1 3 + Λ.1 2 3 • σ 2 3 := by
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apply SetCoe.ext ?_
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funext a b
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fin_cases a <;> fin_cases b <;>
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simp only [Fin.zero_eta, Fin.isValue, Fin.mk_one, Fin.reduceFinMk, AddSubmonoid.coe_add,
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Submodule.coe_smul_of_tower, σ_coe,
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Matrix.add_apply, Matrix.smul_apply, σMat, ηUpDown, ne_eq, zero_ne_one, not_false_eq_true,
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one_apply_ne, η_explicit, of_apply, cons_val_zero,
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mul_zero, one_apply_eq, mul_one, sub_neg_eq_add,
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zero_add, smul_eq_mul, Fin.reduceEq, cons_val_one, vecHead, vecTail,
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Nat.reduceAdd, Function.comp_apply, Fin.succ_zero_eq_one, sub_self, add_zero, cons_val_two,
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cons_val_three, Fin.succ_one_eq_two, mul_neg, neg_zero, sub_zero]
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· exact diag_comp Λ 0
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· exact time_comps Λ 0
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· exact diag_comp Λ 1
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· exact time_comps Λ 1
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· exact space_comps Λ 1 0
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· exact diag_comp Λ 2
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· exact time_comps Λ 2
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· exact space_comps Λ 2 0
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· exact space_comps Λ 2 1
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· exact diag_comp Λ 3
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/-- The coordinate map for the basis formed by the matrices `σ`. -/
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@[simps!]
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noncomputable def σCoordinateMap : lorentzAlgebra ≃ₗ[ℝ] Fin 6 →₀ ℝ where
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toFun Λ := Finsupp.equivFunOnFinite.invFun
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fun i => match i with
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| 0 => Λ.1 0 1
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| 1 => Λ.1 0 2
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| 2 => Λ.1 0 3
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| 3 => Λ.1 1 2
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| 4 => Λ.1 1 3
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| 5 => Λ.1 2 3
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map_add' S T := by
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ext i
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fin_cases i <;> rfl
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map_smul' c S := by
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ext i
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fin_cases i <;> rfl
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invFun c := c 0 • σ 0 1 + c 1 • σ 0 2 + c 2 • σ 0 3 +
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c 3 • σ 1 2 + c 4 • σ 1 3 + c 5 • σ 2 3
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left_inv Λ := by
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simp only [Fin.isValue, Equiv.invFun_as_coe, Finsupp.equivFunOnFinite_symm_apply_toFun]
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exact (eq_span_σ Λ).symm
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right_inv c := by
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ext i
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fin_cases i <;> simp only [Fin.isValue, Set.Finite.toFinset_setOf, ne_eq, Finsupp.coe_mk,
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Fin.zero_eta, Fin.isValue, Fin.mk_one, Fin.reduceFinMk, AddSubmonoid.coe_add,
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Submodule.coe_toAddSubmonoid, Submodule.coe_smul_of_tower, σ_coe,
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Matrix.add_apply, Matrix.smul_apply, σMat, ηUpDown, ne_eq, zero_ne_one, not_false_eq_true,
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one_apply_ne, η_explicit, of_apply, cons_val', cons_val_zero, empty_val',
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cons_val_fin_one, vecCons_const, mul_zero, one_apply_eq, mul_one, sub_neg_eq_add,
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zero_add, smul_eq_mul, Fin.reduceEq, cons_val_one, vecHead, vecTail, Nat.succ_eq_add_one,
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Nat.reduceAdd, Function.comp_apply, Fin.succ_zero_eq_one, sub_self, add_zero, cons_val_two,
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cons_val_three, Fin.succ_one_eq_two, mul_neg, neg_zero, sub_zero, Finsupp.equivFunOnFinite]
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/-- The basis formed by the matrices `σ`. -/
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@[simps! repr_apply_support_val repr_apply_toFun]
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noncomputable def σBasis : Basis (Fin 6) ℝ lorentzAlgebra where
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repr := σCoordinateMap
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instance : Module.Finite ℝ lorentzAlgebra :=
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Module.Finite.of_basis σBasis
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/-- The Lorentz algebra is 6-dimensional. -/
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theorem finrank_eq_six : FiniteDimensional.finrank ℝ lorentzAlgebra = 6 := by
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have h := Module.mk_finrank_eq_card_basis σBasis
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simp only [finrank_eq_rank, Cardinal.mk_fintype, Fintype.card_fin, Nat.cast_ofNat] at h
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exact FiniteDimensional.finrank_eq_of_rank_eq h
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end lorentzAlgebra
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end SpaceTime
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