145 lines
6.2 KiB
Text
145 lines
6.2 KiB
Text
/-
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Copyright (c) 2024 Joseph Tooby-Smith. All rights reserved.
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Released under Apache 2.0 license.
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Authors: Joseph Tooby-Smith
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-/
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import HepLean.SpaceTime.MinkowskiMetric
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import Mathlib.LinearAlgebra.Matrix.SpecialLinearGroup
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/-!
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# Spacetime as a self-adjoint matrix
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There is a linear equivalence between the vector space of space-time points
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and the vector space of 2×2-complex self-adjoint matrices.
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In this file we define this linear equivalence in `toSelfAdjointMatrix`.
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## TODO
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If possible generalize to arbitrary dimensions.
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-/
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namespace SpaceTime
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open Matrix
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open MatrixGroups
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open Complex
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/-- A 2×2-complex matrix formed from a space-time point. -/
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@[simp]
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def toMatrix (x : LorentzVector 3) : Matrix (Fin 2) (Fin 2) ℂ :=
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!![x.time + x.space 2, x.space 0 - x.space 1 * I; x.space 0 + x.space 1 * I, x.time - x.space 2]
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/-- The matrix `x.toMatrix` for `x ∈ spaceTime` is self adjoint. -/
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lemma toMatrix_isSelfAdjoint (x : LorentzVector 3) : IsSelfAdjoint (toMatrix x) := by
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rw [isSelfAdjoint_iff, star_eq_conjTranspose, ← Matrix.ext_iff]
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intro i j
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fin_cases i <;> fin_cases j <;>
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simp [toMatrix, conj_ofReal]
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rfl
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/-- A self-adjoint matrix formed from a space-time point. -/
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@[simps!]
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def toSelfAdjointMatrix' (x : LorentzVector 3) : selfAdjoint (Matrix (Fin 2) (Fin 2) ℂ) :=
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⟨toMatrix x, toMatrix_isSelfAdjoint x⟩
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/-- A self-adjoint matrix formed from a space-time point. -/
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@[simp]
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noncomputable def fromSelfAdjointMatrix' (x : selfAdjoint (Matrix (Fin 2) (Fin 2) ℂ)) :
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LorentzVector 3 := fun i =>
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match i with
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| Sum.inl 0 => 1/2 * (x.1 0 0 + x.1 1 1).re
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| Sum.inr 0 => (x.1 1 0).re
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| Sum.inr 1 => (x.1 1 0).im
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| Sum.inr 2 => 1/2 * (x.1 0 0 - x.1 1 1).re
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/-- The linear equivalence between the vector-space `spaceTime` and self-adjoint
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2×2-complex matrices. -/
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noncomputable def toSelfAdjointMatrix :
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LorentzVector 3 ≃ₗ[ℝ] selfAdjoint (Matrix (Fin 2) (Fin 2) ℂ) where
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toFun := toSelfAdjointMatrix'
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invFun := fromSelfAdjointMatrix'
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left_inv x := by
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funext i
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match i with
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| Sum.inl 0 =>
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simp [fromSelfAdjointMatrix', toSelfAdjointMatrix', toMatrix, toMatrix_isSelfAdjoint]
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ring_nf
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| Sum.inr 0 =>
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simp [fromSelfAdjointMatrix', toSelfAdjointMatrix', toMatrix, toMatrix_isSelfAdjoint]
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| Sum.inr 1 =>
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simp [fromSelfAdjointMatrix', toSelfAdjointMatrix', toMatrix, toMatrix_isSelfAdjoint]
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| Sum.inr 2 =>
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simp [fromSelfAdjointMatrix', toSelfAdjointMatrix', toMatrix, toMatrix_isSelfAdjoint]
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ring
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right_inv x := by
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simp only [toSelfAdjointMatrix', toMatrix, LorentzVector.time, fromSelfAdjointMatrix', one_div,
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Fin.isValue, add_re, ofReal_mul, ofReal_inv, ofReal_ofNat, ofReal_add, LorentzVector.space,
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Function.comp_apply, sub_re, ofReal_sub, re_add_im]
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ext i j
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fin_cases i <;> fin_cases j <;>
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field_simp [fromSelfAdjointMatrix', toMatrix, conj_ofReal]
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exact conj_eq_iff_re.mp (congrArg (fun M => M 0 0) $ selfAdjoint.mem_iff.mp x.2 )
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have h01 := congrArg (fun M => M 0 1) $ selfAdjoint.mem_iff.mp x.2
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simp only [Fin.isValue, star_apply, RCLike.star_def] at h01
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rw [← h01, RCLike.conj_eq_re_sub_im]
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rfl
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exact conj_eq_iff_re.mp (congrArg (fun M => M 1 1) $ selfAdjoint.mem_iff.mp x.2 )
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map_add' x y := by
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ext i j : 2
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simp only [toSelfAdjointMatrix'_coe, add_apply, ofReal_add, of_apply, cons_val', empty_val',
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cons_val_fin_one, AddSubmonoid.coe_add, AddSubgroup.coe_toAddSubmonoid, Matrix.add_apply]
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fin_cases i <;> fin_cases j
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· rw [show (x + y) (Sum.inl 0) = x (Sum.inl 0) + y (Sum.inl 0) from rfl]
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rw [show (x + y) (Sum.inr 2) = x (Sum.inr 2) + y (Sum.inr 2) from rfl]
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simp only [Fin.isValue, ofReal_add, Fin.zero_eta, cons_val_zero]
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ring
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· rw [show (x + y) (Sum.inr 0) = x (Sum.inr 0) + y (Sum.inr 0) from rfl]
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rw [show (x + y) (Sum.inr 1) = x (Sum.inr 1) + y (Sum.inr 1) from rfl]
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simp only [Fin.isValue, ofReal_add, Fin.mk_one, cons_val_one, head_cons, Fin.zero_eta,
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cons_val_zero]
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ring
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· rw [show (x + y) (Sum.inr 0) = x (Sum.inr 0) + y (Sum.inr 0) from rfl]
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rw [show (x + y) (Sum.inr 1) = x (Sum.inr 1) + y (Sum.inr 1) from rfl]
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simp only [Fin.isValue, ofReal_add, Fin.zero_eta, cons_val_zero, Fin.mk_one, cons_val_one,
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head_fin_const]
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ring
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· rw [show (x + y) (Sum.inl 0) = x (Sum.inl 0) + y (Sum.inl 0) from rfl]
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rw [show (x + y) (Sum.inr 2) = x (Sum.inr 2) + y (Sum.inr 2) from rfl]
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simp only [Fin.isValue, ofReal_add, Fin.mk_one, cons_val_one, head_cons, head_fin_const]
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ring
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map_smul' r x := by
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ext i j : 2
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simp only [toSelfAdjointMatrix'_coe, Fin.isValue, of_apply, cons_val', empty_val',
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cons_val_fin_one, RingHom.id_apply, selfAdjoint.val_smul, smul_apply, real_smul]
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fin_cases i <;> fin_cases j
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· rw [show (r • x) (Sum.inl 0) = r * x (Sum.inl 0) from rfl]
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rw [show (r • x) (Sum.inr 2) = r * x (Sum.inr 2) from rfl]
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simp only [Fin.isValue, ofReal_mul, Fin.zero_eta, cons_val_zero]
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ring
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· rw [show (r • x) (Sum.inr 0) = r * x (Sum.inr 0) from rfl]
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rw [show (r • x) (Sum.inr 1) = r * x (Sum.inr 1) from rfl]
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simp only [Fin.isValue, ofReal_mul, Fin.mk_one, cons_val_one, head_cons, Fin.zero_eta,
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cons_val_zero]
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ring
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· rw [show (r • x) (Sum.inr 0) = r * x (Sum.inr 0) from rfl]
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rw [show (r • x) (Sum.inr 1) = r * x (Sum.inr 1) from rfl]
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simp only [Fin.isValue, ofReal_mul, Fin.zero_eta, cons_val_zero, Fin.mk_one, cons_val_one,
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head_fin_const]
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ring
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· rw [show (r • x) (Sum.inl 0) = r * x (Sum.inl 0) from rfl]
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rw [show (r • x) (Sum.inr 2) = r * x (Sum.inr 2) from rfl]
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simp only [Fin.isValue, ofReal_mul, Fin.mk_one, cons_val_one, head_cons, head_fin_const]
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ring
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open minkowskiMetric in
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lemma det_eq_ηLin (x : LorentzVector 3) : det (toSelfAdjointMatrix x).1 = ⟪x, x⟫ₘ := by
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simp only [toSelfAdjointMatrix, LinearEquiv.coe_mk, toSelfAdjointMatrix'_coe, Fin.isValue,
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det_fin_two_of, eq_time_minus_inner_prod, LorentzVector.time, LorentzVector.space,
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PiLp.inner_apply, Function.comp_apply, RCLike.inner_apply, conj_trivial, Fin.sum_univ_three,
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ofReal_sub, ofReal_mul, ofReal_add]
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ring_nf
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simp only [Fin.isValue, I_sq, mul_neg, mul_one]
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ring
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end SpaceTime
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