image links convention, table of contents fix
Also created a separate buttons page
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8 changed files with 136 additions and 91 deletions
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content/buttons.org
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#+Title: Buttons
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#+attr_html: :width 81px :height 33px
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#+BEGIN_buttons :width 81px :height 33px
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#+HTML: <img src="../pics/CCLogoColorPop1.gif" alt="CC Logo" style="width: 88px; height: 31px;">
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#+HTML: <img src="../pics/brainmade-88x31-dark.png" alt="brainmade.org" style="width: 88px; height: 31px;">
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#+END_buttons
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@ -2,11 +2,15 @@
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#+created: [2024-12-05 Thu]
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#+last_modified: [2024-12-06 Fri]
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#+author: Dibyashanu Pati
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#+OPTIONS: tex:dvipng
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#+OPTIONS: tex:dvisvgm
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#+OPTIONS: \n:t
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#+OPTIONS: toc:2
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* Union of Finite Countable Sets
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:PROPERTIES:
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:CUSTOM_ID: union-of-finite-countable-sets
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:END:
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It is straight forward to show that the union of two countable set is countable.
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Let $S_0$ and $S_1$ be two countable infinite sets(in case when either is finite the proof trivial), that is,
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@ -34,6 +38,10 @@ Either using induction or using a similar argument with the naturals modulo $k$
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$S = S_0 \cup S_1 \cup S_2 \hdots \cup S_k$.
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* Larger Unions?
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:PROPERTIES:
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:CUSTOM_ID: larger-unions
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:END:
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We know that an arbitrary union of countable sets is not necessarily countable.
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Consider as a counterexample the union of all singletons $\{r\}, r \in \mathbb{R}$, this is $\mathbb{R}$ itself which we know not to be countable.
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@ -55,11 +63,14 @@ The first time I encountered this it was supposed to be justified was by observi
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Although this is convincing, a thought process that would lead me to come up with this eluded me until now, I explain this thought process below.
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* The Argument
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:PROPERTIES:
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:CUSTOM_ID: the-argument
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:END:
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In the modulo $k$ argument we have a constant gap between each consecutive element of a sequence, because of this we are limited by the gap size($k$). So the key idea is constructing such a partitioning of the Naturals is to keep increasing the gap size, but since the gap size is finite at any point we can only have elements from a finite number of the countably infinite sub-sequences at any particular, so we are forced to start subsequent sub-sequences at larger and larger points.
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The most simple way to increase the gap size in this way is to keep increasing it by one after each gap.
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[[pics/countable_union_of_countable_sets_is_countable.jpg][image 1]]
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[[../pics/countable_union_of_countable_sets_is_countable.jpg][image 1]]
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Look at the $0^{th}$ sequence we just get the [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangular_number][Triangular numbers]] and zero.
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@ -169,6 +180,10 @@ Then
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Since $S: \mathbb{N} \times \mathbb{N} \rightarrow \mathbb{N}$ is both injective and surjective, it is a bijection, we are done.
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* An Interesting Application
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:PROPERTIES:
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:CUSTOM_ID: an-interesting-application
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:END:
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*The set of finite subsets of $\mathbb{N}$ is countable.*
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Let $A_i$ be set of all subsets of $\mathbb{N}$ containing $i$ elements, that is with cardinality $i$.
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@ -4,6 +4,6 @@
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#+author: Dibyashanu Pati
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#+OPTIONS: tex:dvipng
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[[pics/some_evenings_on_this_planet_are_worth_dying_for.jpg][Evening 26 January 2025]]
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[[../pics/some_evenings_on_this_planet_are_worth_dying_for.jpg][Evening 26 January 2025]]
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*Some Evenings on this Planet are worth Dying for* - no matter how bleak things are otherwise, something shifts inside my brain when I see Venus peeking through the golden skies like this..
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@ -14,4 +14,4 @@ What should we do if this happens?
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/In such cases we do not surrender, *we resist*, we resist by *learning* !!/
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#+end_quote
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[[pics/we_do_not_surrender_we_resist.jpg][resist]]
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[[../pics/we_do_not_surrender_we_resist.jpg][resist]]
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